Urinary Tract Infection in Children - Classification, Diagnosis and Treatment

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children with a febrile infection. Although its frequency is high in pediatric age, it may be difficult to recognise in younger than 3 year-old patients because the presenting symptoms and signs are not specific. More commonly, UTIs are due to bacterial infections. The natural history of UTIs in children has ameliorated by improved healthcare facilities, including diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. UTIs are an important risk for long-term renal sequels when they are associated with urinary tract malformation. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment prevent complications such as hypertension, proteinuria and end stage renal disease.