The Routledge Companion to the Future of Marketing

Marketing has changed substantially in the last few years. With more and more research conducted in marketing and consumer behaviour fields, and technological advances and applications occurring on a regular basis, the future of marketing opens up a world of exciting opportunities.

Going beyond a state-of-the-art view of the discipline, this innovative volume focuses on the advances being made in many different areas such as; critical thinking, new paradigms, novel conceptualisations, as well as key technological innovations with a direct impact on the theory and practice of marketing. Each chapter presents an expert overview, and an analytical and engaging discussion of the topic, as well as introducing a specific research agenda paving the way for the future.

The Routledge Companion to the Future of Marketing provides the reader with a comprehensive set of visionary insights into the future of marketing. This prestigious collection aims to challenge the mindset of marketing scholars, transforming current thinking into new perspectives and advances in marketing knowledge.

Foreword

Wayne S. DeSarbo, Smeal College of Business, Pennsylvania State Univerity, USA

"The Future of Marketing" presents 22 different chapters written by some of the top scholars in the field of Marketing. These 22 chapters are organized into four topical areas: (1) New paradigms and philosophical insights (Chapters 1-5), (2) Contributions from other scientific fields (Chapters 6-9), (3) Reconnecting with consumers and markets (Chapters 10-17), and (4) New methodological insights in scholarly research in the field (Chapters 18-22). Thus, there are a number of diverse areas treated here ranging from futuristic managerial philosophies to state of the art qualitative and quantitative methodologies applicable to the various types of Marketing problems to be faced in the future.

There are a number of implicit guidelines (and future research areas and needs) that can be gleaned for (quantitative) modelers in terms of the issues and considerations that their constructed models should explicitly accommodate in future empirical endeavors:

2. Heterogeneity
4. When modeling consumer perceptions, preferences, utility structures, choices, etc., it is important to avoid potential masking issues that aggregate models are subject to in many cases. In the simple case, consider a regression scenario where there are two equal sized segments whose utility functions (as a function of price) are opposite reflections of each other. Aggregating the sample in one large analysis yields a non-significant price elasticity coefficient, whereas estimating separate utility functions by segment displays the true structure in the data. While latent structure and hierarchical Bayesian methods have been developed for disaggregate analyses, a number of methodological issues exist with such existent approaches that provide fertile ground for future research.
6. Competition
8. Many quantitative models are estimated at a brand level and reflect only the efforts of that sole brand. For example, in many customer satisfaction studies, attention is often paid to the consumers of a particular client brand or service in an effort to portray their performance and derive the important drivers of satisfaction. Financial optimization models are then often constructed to examine where a company should invest its resources to best improve sales, retention, word of mouth, loyalty, etc. These studies need to occur in a fully competitive setting where one derives a full picture of the competitive market place. Managers need to know the relative importance of the drivers of satisfaction for their brand/service as well as for their competitors. In addition, knowledge of the relative performance of their brand relative to competitors is necessary information for strategy formation. Ideally, one would hope to see modeling efforts which also examine cross effects in terms of how Brand A’s policy affects other brands. Over time, competitive dynamics are also important as discussed next.
10. Dynamics
12. As seen in the various chapters, this can assume many different manifestations. Related to the previous category above related to competition, it is often necessary to examine competitive dynamics as opposed to comparative statics where the modeler of the future examines simultaneous and/or sequential optimization by each of the competitors in a market place in a game theoretic context. In such a manner, it will not be the case that all competitors end up enacting the same exact identical strategies. Alternatively, the models of the future should be adaptive and have the ability to "learn" from past data, as well as benefit from informed managerial expert input and constraints. Parameter values that change/adapt during the duration of the data are also a desirable feature.
14. Non-Linearity
16. Traditional linear response functions do not typically yield realistic normative managerial guidelines or optimized solutions. End point solutions that suggest "all or none" types of resource allocations are useless in most realistic Marketing applications. A large amount of work is required in this area as Marketing often lacks the strong theory necessary to provide such insight regarding the models that are constructed. In addition, multiple objective functions need to be accommodated with the use of multicriterion optimization methods
18. Endogeneity
20. Often times, there are hidden effects embedded in the various independent variables the Marketer believes are exogenous and truly independent. These may be due to effect of lagged variables, managerial decision making practice, etc. To ignore such effects, threatens the integrity of the models Marketers construct. For example, in traditional regression models, such endogeneity often produces a correlation between the independent variable in question and the error term, often resulting in biased estimates when employing ordinary least-squares estimation.
22. Moderation/Mediation
24. There are times particularly in regression approaches where the relationships between two variables are affected by values of a third variable. In such cases, we need to employ selected interaction effects to measure such moderated effects. Interaction effects are often needed to model the synergistic or catalytic effects of various independent variables. Alternatively, in a mediation regression model, rather than hypothesizing a direct causal relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, a mediational model hypothesizes that the independent variable influences the mediator variable, which in turn influences the dependent variable. Thus, such moderator and mediator variables serve to clarify the nature of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Marketers need to be aware of such potential inter-relationships.
26. Models Guided by Theory

Ideally, the models we construct should be more than just data analytic structures which approximate the relationships found in the data. Where possible, models should be constructed on the basis of available sound Marketing theory describing the process being modeled. One of the advantages of structural equation models is that one can utilize such a methodology to test and implement some a priori theory describing the relationship or causal nature of various inter-related constructs. This feature has been lacking in the general modeling efforts to date. A major reason for this is due to the lack of adequate theory development for most of the processes encountered in Marketing. For example, we have no solid Marketing theory regarding the structure of marketing mix response models. Thus progress must be advanced in such areas so that the models we construct are more robust and explainable.

I wish to personally thank the co-editors and various authors of the "Future of Marketing" for opening the door to get a glimpse of the future in the field of Marketing. The hope is that this new book will provide fresh ideas to guide future research to improve the field of Marketing and define the next generation of research efforts as the torch gets passed to future generations.