Hayy Bin Yaqdhan

Ibn Tufail

Hayy bin Yaqdhan is the story of a man who reaches the age of fifty before coming into contact with another human being. However, despite his isolation, his intuition and innate intelligence enable him to learn first about himself, then about the animal kingdom, then the material world, then the movements and nature of the cosmos, then the existence of God. Finally, he discovers truths about the nature of God and the Ultimate Reality which mirror those revealed to mankind through the messengers and prophets.

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Before Hayy makes his appearance the author speculates on how he came into the world. Two possibilities are considered. One is that he was formed on an equatorial island when a bubble of viscous, fermenting mud became charged by the Spirit, which flows unceasingly from Allah - the Sublime, the Almighty - and may be compared to sunlight, which flows constantly onto the world.

When the spirit attached itself to the mud, the resulting entity developed into a human baby, which emerged onto the surface of the island when the outer shell of its mud womb dried and cracked. After a time the baby became hungry and began to wail. Its cries were heard by a nearby gazelle who had lost her young.

The other possibility is that Hayy was the child of a secret marriage between the sister of the arrogant ruler of a nearby island and a man called Yaqdhan. To hide the fact from her brother, the sister placed her baby in a chest at dead of night and entrusted it to the waves.

The sea carried the chest over to the other island and deposited it in a sheltered thicket on the shore. After a time the baby became hungry and began to wail. Its cries were heard by a nearby gazelle who had lost her young.

At this point the two versions of the babys origin merge and the story of Hayy bin Yaqdhan begins.

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The gazelle adopted Hayy as her own and Hayy grew up to regard her as his mother. Yet as the years went by, he gradually discovered that he was different from the animals on the island. At first he felt inferior when he saw they were stronger and faster than him, and that they had natural weapons like horns, spurs and tusks, as well as natural coverings like fur, hair or feathers, while he was naked, unarmed, physically weak and a poor runner.

However, as he approached the age of seven, he discovered that he was in fact superior to them, because he had hands. These enabled him to make clothes for himself out of leaves, palm fronds, skin and feathers, and also to use sticks as weapons.

In time the other creatures came to fear him and he was held in awe by them.

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The gazelle became old and frail, and one day she died. Hayy was deeply distressed by her death and resolved to cure her and bring her back to life.

As he could see nothing wrong with her external organs, he decided that the problem must be due to some damage or obstruction in an organ inside her which was vital to the functioning of her whole body.

He felt sure this organ must be located in a central position in the body, so he used some makeshift tools and cut through the gazelles breast. After cutting through her ribs and lungs he reached her heart and decided this must be the organ he was looking for.

When he cut the heart open he found that it contained two chambers. One was filled with clotted blood and the other was empty. He decided that the empty chamber held the secret of life. He had observed that every organ existed for a specific function, so if one contained an empty space, it must have been occupied at one time and then vacated by whatever it was that had lived in it.

This led him to conclude that the physical body was relatively unimportant, and that what really mattered was the force which possessed, occupied and d