Guide to Management Accounting Inventory turnover for managers

Theory & Practice : How to utilize management indicators to assist decision-making

ROE (Return on Equity) has been gradually improving in Japan and is drawing attention now.

According to the Ito report announced by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in August 2014, it was pointed out that the issues of Japanese companies are not in asset turnover rates and financial leverage, but in terms of their ability to make earnings, compared to western companies. However, I believe that both accounts receivable turnover and inventory turnover are generally lower than those in Europe and the United States, among asset turnover rates, which is an issue for CCC (Cash Conversion Cycle) management.

As for inventory, we position inventory turnover days as company-wide common control index for decision-making, not traditional inventory turnover rate and inventory turnover period, and we propose integrated activities of management team and operation site to improve ROE and ROIC (Return on Invested Capital).

Inventory is an important management resource

Inventory is said to be a source of profit for business, at the same time, to cause loss. Especially in manufacturing, retail and wholesale business, management indicators are used to measure whether product inventory is being converted into sales efficiently.

In general, the following two indicators are used.

1. Inventory turnover rate

Inventory turnover = sales · cost of sales (annual) ÷ ​​inventory amount

The inventory turnover rate is mainly used by executives for presentations for investors or shareholders.

2. Inventory turnover period

The inventory turnover period is an indicator that shows how long it takes to have inventory for days or months, or to consume (sell) all inventory.

Inventory turnover period = inventory amount ÷ sales or cost of sales (monthly or daily)

Both are said to be indicators to see if inventory is appropriate. It is enough to tell about past and current situation of inventory, but I think that it is inappropriate as an indicator for future decision making. In other words, it is an index for financial accounting, not inventory turnover as management accounting.

As an Inventory-centric management consultant, I am convinced that inventory turnover days are an indicator that can assist decision-making to be shared by management, operations staffs such as sales, manufacturing, procurement and logistics.

Rather than handling inventory turnover as a mere indicator used at the operation site, in order to create corporate value, in relation to other management indicators as management accounting, and also in order to effectively encourage the improvement activities, what kind of practical knowledge, the systems which supports and finally practical solutions and concrete examples for inventory management through my vast experience accumulated are explained.

In this book, I have explained CCC using the latest quarterly settlement of accounts figures (as of the end of January 2019) that can be grasped at the time of publication which also different from conventional books.

It would be greatly appreciated if it could be utilized as a guide book for inventory control.

Table of contents

Chapter 1

Now, why inventory turnover is paying attention?

(1) Inventory is a scorecard of the corporation
(2) Management efficiency

(3) Weekly operation cycle

(4) Management indicators related to inventory turnover

Chapter 2

Management Accounting and Financial Accounting

Chapter 3

CCC positioning and comparison between Japan and the United States, International comparison

(1) Key financial indicators

(2) Positioning of CCC

(3) CCC comparison between Japan and US

(4) Sporting goods industry

(5) Six major chemical companies in Japan

(6) Electronic components Industry in Japan

(7) Electronic components Trading companies in Japan

(8) MRO (Maintenance Repair and Operations) in Japan

(9) International comparison by industry

Chapter 4

Importance of information sharing on weekly performance results between management and operations sites

(1) Month-end closing and next month-end payment

(2) Monthly accounting system

(3) Accounts Receivable

(4) The case of Nidec Motor

(5) The case of HP

(6) Japanese companies pursuing Inventory freshness / time-axis management

(7) Japanese companies pursuing inventory fresness / time-axis management

(8) Lehman shock (2008) through 2012 (after 311 Earthquake and Thai Flood)

Chapter 5

Management Methods, Promotion Structure and Required Systems and its usage

(1) Cash cycle and lead time

(2) Stock out rate

(3) Channel inventory turns

(4) Inventory Dollar Control and Unit Control

(5) Blind spots of accounts receivable management

(6) Effective management methods

(7) Effective system and its usage

Chapter 6

Practices: Inventory Dollar Control and Unit Control

(1) Inventory Diagnosis Clinic

(2) PSI balance

(3) Clinical records of products

(4) Simplified asset management – Inventory Dollar Control and Unit Control

(5) Inventory management: four-quadrant matrix method for inventory volume and quality