Trigger Points

This edition of Study Briefs focuses on Trigger Points, which are involuntary contractions of a small portions of muscles that may create patterns of radiating pain and associated dysfunction. Trigger points have been comprehensively studied for many years as a common cause of musculoskeletal pain. Our Trigger Points Study Brief is useful as a beginner’s introduction or an experienced user’s quick refresher to the subject. It describes trigger points and their relationship to the diagnosis and treatment of a number of chronic medical conditions. Quick access to definitions of key terms and easy to understand explanations of foundational concepts are supported by instructive examples and clarifying visuals. A concise history explains how trigger points have been studied by a number of scientists and doctors worldwide who have contributed to a substantial knowledge base of existing literature and current practices. The overall pathophysiology of trigger points is explored, including associated physiological features, diagnoses and perpetuating factors. A handy reference chart identifies types of trigger point pain that may be presented by patients along with the corresponding muscles that are typically indicated to be affected. Numerous graphical representations of trigger points of the head, neck, shoulder, upper arm, elbow, forearm, hand, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, spine, hips, thighs and knees make this a highly useful resource for students and practitioners. Types of treatment procedures for deactivating trigger points are discussed, including massage, injections and stretching exercises. Issues related to the controversy over recent studies calling into question research findings and treatment methods related to trigger points are included in the recent developments section.