Shadow Education

Private Supplementary Tutoring and Its Implications for Policy Makers in Asia

Nonfiction, Reference & Language, Education & Teaching, Non-Formal Education, Educational Theory, Educational Reform
Cover of the book Shadow Education by Mark Bray, Chad Lykins, Asian Development Bank
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Author: Mark Bray, Chad Lykins ISBN: 9789290926597
Publisher: Asian Development Bank Publication: May 1, 2012
Imprint: Asian Development Bank Language: English
Author: Mark Bray, Chad Lykins
ISBN: 9789290926597
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Publication: May 1, 2012
Imprint: Asian Development Bank
Language: English

In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.

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In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.

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