Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Mammalian and Environmental Toxicology

Nonfiction, Science & Nature, Technology, Environmental, Science, Biological Sciences, Environmental Science
Cover of the book Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs): Mammalian and Environmental Toxicology by A. Parkinson, L. Safe, M. Mullin, R.J. Lutz, I.G. Sipes, M.A. Hayes, S. Safe, L.G. Hansen, R.G. Schnellmann, R.L. Dedrick, Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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Author: A. Parkinson, L. Safe, M. Mullin, R.J. Lutz, I.G. Sipes, M.A. Hayes, S. Safe, L.G. Hansen, R.G. Schnellmann, R.L. Dedrick ISBN: 9783642705502
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Publication: December 6, 2012
Imprint: Springer Language: English
Author: A. Parkinson, L. Safe, M. Mullin, R.J. Lutz, I.G. Sipes, M.A. Hayes, S. Safe, L.G. Hansen, R.G. Schnellmann, R.L. Dedrick
ISBN: 9783642705502
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publication: December 6, 2012
Imprint: Springer
Language: English

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been produced commercially since be­ fore 1930. They proved to be highly versatile mixtures and their uses continued to expand during the early 1970's even after the unanticipated world-wide en­ vironmental contamination had been discovered (Jensen et aI. , 1969; Koeman et aI. , 1969). Over 600,000 metric-tons were produced and/or used in the U. S. during this time and it is estimated that worldwide production totaled about 1,200,000 metric-tons (Table 1). With low acute toxicities (Fishbein, 1974), these mixtures were considered gen­ erally biologically inactive even though industrial exposure had demonstrated he­ patic and dermatological effects (Fishbein, 1974; Hansen, 1987). Thus, use and disposal were not carefully monitored and it is estimated that one-third of the world-wide production of PCBs has been released into the global environment (Table 1). Table 1. Estimated production and disposition of PCBs b U. s. a Worldwide 6 6 Production/use 610 X 10 kg 1200 X 10 kg Mobil environmental reservoir 82 400 Static reservoirs In service 340 Dumps 130 Total static 470 800 a NAS, 1979 b Tatsukawa and Tanaba, 1984 2 Environmental Distribution Many countries now impose strict controls on the use and release of PCBs. Re­ lease into the environment has declined dramatically in the last decade, but con­ tinued release from reservoirs (Table 1) into burdened ecosystems (Table 2) ap­ pears inevitable for several more decades (Barros et aI. , 1984).

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been produced commercially since be­ fore 1930. They proved to be highly versatile mixtures and their uses continued to expand during the early 1970's even after the unanticipated world-wide en­ vironmental contamination had been discovered (Jensen et aI. , 1969; Koeman et aI. , 1969). Over 600,000 metric-tons were produced and/or used in the U. S. during this time and it is estimated that worldwide production totaled about 1,200,000 metric-tons (Table 1). With low acute toxicities (Fishbein, 1974), these mixtures were considered gen­ erally biologically inactive even though industrial exposure had demonstrated he­ patic and dermatological effects (Fishbein, 1974; Hansen, 1987). Thus, use and disposal were not carefully monitored and it is estimated that one-third of the world-wide production of PCBs has been released into the global environment (Table 1). Table 1. Estimated production and disposition of PCBs b U. s. a Worldwide 6 6 Production/use 610 X 10 kg 1200 X 10 kg Mobil environmental reservoir 82 400 Static reservoirs In service 340 Dumps 130 Total static 470 800 a NAS, 1979 b Tatsukawa and Tanaba, 1984 2 Environmental Distribution Many countries now impose strict controls on the use and release of PCBs. Re­ lease into the environment has declined dramatically in the last decade, but con­ tinued release from reservoirs (Table 1) into burdened ecosystems (Table 2) ap­ pears inevitable for several more decades (Barros et aI. , 1984).

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