Newton's Gravitation and Cosmic Expansion (II Relativistic)

This second part provides a nonlinear extension to Hubble's Linear Law, describes the relativistic cosmic forces of expansion and gravitation, and the effect of mass shielding by the negative field of galactic and cosmic mass. It discusses the cosmic forces of expansion and slowdown as they apply to the observed receding galaxies, develops a speed distance law from observations, gives a detailed relativistic description of the cosmic forces of expansion and gravitation, and emphasizes the effect of mass shielding by the negative field of galactic and cosmic mass. The theory predicts that velocity slowdown occurs at lower speeds (nearest distances) and velocity speedup occurs at the higher speeds (farthest distances). Brillouin’s theory of self-shielding of mass by the negative mass of its field may well account for what astronomers call dark energy, energy not seen but which is assumed from its gravitational effects, in the distant cosmos. Based on the instantaneous action of Newton's theory of gravitation, the present theory adopts the idea that what we observe in the universe by redshift measurements exists today in different form. The theory finds unlikely the indirect observation and detection of black holes and leaves open the question of their nature.