Nerve-Muscle Interaction

Kids, Natural World, Nonfiction, Reference & Language, Education & Teaching, Science & Nature, Science
Cover of the book Nerve-Muscle Interaction by Gerta Vrbova, Springer Netherlands
View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart
Author: Gerta Vrbova ISBN: 9789401095419
Publisher: Springer Netherlands Publication: December 6, 2012
Imprint: Springer Language: English
Author: Gerta Vrbova
ISBN: 9789401095419
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Publication: December 6, 2012
Imprint: Springer
Language: English

In the second century, Galen recognized that nerve and muscle were functionally inseparable since contraction of muscle occurred only if the nerves supplying that muscle were intact. He therefore concluded that the shortening of a muscle was controlled by the central nervous sytem while the extension of a muscle could occur in the absence of innervation. Nerves, he thought, were the means of transport for animal spirits to the muscles; the way in which animal spirits may bring about contraction dominated the study of muscle physiology from that time until the historical discovery of Galvani that muscle could be stimulated electrically and that nerve and muscle were themselves a source of electrical energy. It is now well known that nerves conduct electrically and that transmission from nerve to striated muscle is mediated by the chemical which is liberated from nerve terminals onto the muscle membrane. In vertebrates this chemical is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus the concept of spirits that are released from nerves and control muscle contraction directly, is no longer tenable. Nevertheless the concept of 'substances' transported down nerv~s which directly control many aspects of muscle has not been abandoned, and has in fact been frequently reinvoked to account for the long-term regula­ tion of many characteristics of muscle (see review by Gutmann, 1976) and for the maintenance of its structural integrity.

View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart

In the second century, Galen recognized that nerve and muscle were functionally inseparable since contraction of muscle occurred only if the nerves supplying that muscle were intact. He therefore concluded that the shortening of a muscle was controlled by the central nervous sytem while the extension of a muscle could occur in the absence of innervation. Nerves, he thought, were the means of transport for animal spirits to the muscles; the way in which animal spirits may bring about contraction dominated the study of muscle physiology from that time until the historical discovery of Galvani that muscle could be stimulated electrically and that nerve and muscle were themselves a source of electrical energy. It is now well known that nerves conduct electrically and that transmission from nerve to striated muscle is mediated by the chemical which is liberated from nerve terminals onto the muscle membrane. In vertebrates this chemical is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus the concept of spirits that are released from nerves and control muscle contraction directly, is no longer tenable. Nevertheless the concept of 'substances' transported down nerv~s which directly control many aspects of muscle has not been abandoned, and has in fact been frequently reinvoked to account for the long-term regula­ tion of many characteristics of muscle (see review by Gutmann, 1976) and for the maintenance of its structural integrity.

More books from Springer Netherlands

Cover of the book Field Manual of Diseases on Fruits and Vegetables by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book People, Places and Landscapes by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Bioethics and Moral Content: National Traditions of Health Care Morality by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Environmental Condition of the Mediterranean Sea by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Early Childhood Grows Up by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Emotions and Risky Technologies by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book The Nature of the Philosophical Enterprise by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Glass-Fibre Databook by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Sustainable Development by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Computational Geomechanics by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Models of Economic Growth with Environmental Assets by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Muslims and the New Information and Communication Technologies by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Philosophy in Mind by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Natural History of the Phlox Family by Gerta Vrbova
Cover of the book Gilbert Sheldon by Gerta Vrbova
We use our own "cookies" and third party cookies to improve services and to see statistical information. By using this website, you agree to our Privacy Policy