Cosmic Expansion Slowdown Speedup and the Big Bang Theory

Nonfiction, Science & Nature, Science, Physics, Gravity
Cover of the book Cosmic Expansion Slowdown Speedup and the Big Bang Theory by James Constant, James Constant
View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart
Author: James Constant ISBN: 9781310424588
Publisher: James Constant Publication: March 30, 2016
Imprint: Smashwords Edition Language: English
Author: James Constant
ISBN: 9781310424588
Publisher: James Constant
Publication: March 30, 2016
Imprint: Smashwords Edition
Language: English

Comparing observation and the Big Bang theory, observation tells us that the early universe, over a period of about 3.3 bly, consisted of radiation which later evolved into the galactic system we observe today. The Big Bang theory tells us that the early universe began about 15 bly ago as an initial expansion from nothing forming subatomic particles which lasted for a short time, fewer than 0.4 bly and later evolved into the present system.
Based on Hubble’s linear law v=Hr, space expansion accelerates at the rate a = dv/dt = Hdr/dt = H2r. Thus, assuming linearity of Hubble’s law, both speed v and acceleration a are linear functions of distance r. Currently, actual measurements of speed v and distance r reach out to about 3.3 bly. Beyond that distance, we do not know whether the linearity of Hubble’s law holds and whether the universe expands. Recently, some measurements suggest the universe decelerates (slowdown) and then accelerates (speedup).
A theory which proclaims to explain the universe must explain many observed phenomena including why the universe expands, decelerates (slowdown) and accelerates (speedup). The Big Bang theory, a leading theory, tells us the universe expands because space itself expands but is unable to explain why it expands as v=Hr confirming Hubble’s linear law and why it decelerates and accelerates. Moreover, space expansion is incompatible with observation and theory, including Big Bang theory, because galaxies riding space expansion eschew being converted (evolving) from radiation to actual mass.

View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart

Comparing observation and the Big Bang theory, observation tells us that the early universe, over a period of about 3.3 bly, consisted of radiation which later evolved into the galactic system we observe today. The Big Bang theory tells us that the early universe began about 15 bly ago as an initial expansion from nothing forming subatomic particles which lasted for a short time, fewer than 0.4 bly and later evolved into the present system.
Based on Hubble’s linear law v=Hr, space expansion accelerates at the rate a = dv/dt = Hdr/dt = H2r. Thus, assuming linearity of Hubble’s law, both speed v and acceleration a are linear functions of distance r. Currently, actual measurements of speed v and distance r reach out to about 3.3 bly. Beyond that distance, we do not know whether the linearity of Hubble’s law holds and whether the universe expands. Recently, some measurements suggest the universe decelerates (slowdown) and then accelerates (speedup).
A theory which proclaims to explain the universe must explain many observed phenomena including why the universe expands, decelerates (slowdown) and accelerates (speedup). The Big Bang theory, a leading theory, tells us the universe expands because space itself expands but is unable to explain why it expands as v=Hr confirming Hubble’s linear law and why it decelerates and accelerates. Moreover, space expansion is incompatible with observation and theory, including Big Bang theory, because galaxies riding space expansion eschew being converted (evolving) from radiation to actual mass.

More books from James Constant

Cover of the book Character of the State by James Constant
Cover of the book Greece a Failed State by James Constant
Cover of the book Petition for Certiorari: Denied Without Opinion Patent Case 93-1413 by James Constant
Cover of the book Supreme Court Petition For Rehearing No 10-1275 by James Constant
Cover of the book Kepler Newton and Einstein by James Constant
Cover of the book Riemann's Analytic Expression Disproved by James Constant
Cover of the book Petition for Certiorari Denied Without Opinion: Patent Case 98-1972. by James Constant
Cover of the book Petitions Denied Without Opinion: Supreme Court Cases by James Constant
Cover of the book Courts and Law by James Constant
Cover of the book American Elites and Debt Crisis by James Constant
Cover of the book Uncertainty and Law by James Constant
Cover of the book The Navier-Stokes Millenium Problem by James Constant
Cover of the book Prospects for Constitutional Government by James Constant
Cover of the book Non Existent Discipline of Federal Judges by James Constant
Cover of the book The Causes of Law by James Constant
We use our own "cookies" and third party cookies to improve services and to see statistical information. By using this website, you agree to our Privacy Policy