Cosmic Expansion Slowdown Speedup and the Big Bang Theory

Nonfiction, Science & Nature, Science, Physics, Gravity
Cover of the book Cosmic Expansion Slowdown Speedup and the Big Bang Theory by James Constant, James Constant
View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart
Author: James Constant ISBN: 9781310424588
Publisher: James Constant Publication: March 30, 2016
Imprint: Smashwords Edition Language: English
Author: James Constant
ISBN: 9781310424588
Publisher: James Constant
Publication: March 30, 2016
Imprint: Smashwords Edition
Language: English

Comparing observation and the Big Bang theory, observation tells us that the early universe, over a period of about 3.3 bly, consisted of radiation which later evolved into the galactic system we observe today. The Big Bang theory tells us that the early universe began about 15 bly ago as an initial expansion from nothing forming subatomic particles which lasted for a short time, fewer than 0.4 bly and later evolved into the present system.
Based on Hubble’s linear law v=Hr, space expansion accelerates at the rate a = dv/dt = Hdr/dt = H2r. Thus, assuming linearity of Hubble’s law, both speed v and acceleration a are linear functions of distance r. Currently, actual measurements of speed v and distance r reach out to about 3.3 bly. Beyond that distance, we do not know whether the linearity of Hubble’s law holds and whether the universe expands. Recently, some measurements suggest the universe decelerates (slowdown) and then accelerates (speedup).
A theory which proclaims to explain the universe must explain many observed phenomena including why the universe expands, decelerates (slowdown) and accelerates (speedup). The Big Bang theory, a leading theory, tells us the universe expands because space itself expands but is unable to explain why it expands as v=Hr confirming Hubble’s linear law and why it decelerates and accelerates. Moreover, space expansion is incompatible with observation and theory, including Big Bang theory, because galaxies riding space expansion eschew being converted (evolving) from radiation to actual mass.

View on Amazon View on AbeBooks View on Kobo View on B.Depository View on eBay View on Walmart

Comparing observation and the Big Bang theory, observation tells us that the early universe, over a period of about 3.3 bly, consisted of radiation which later evolved into the galactic system we observe today. The Big Bang theory tells us that the early universe began about 15 bly ago as an initial expansion from nothing forming subatomic particles which lasted for a short time, fewer than 0.4 bly and later evolved into the present system.
Based on Hubble’s linear law v=Hr, space expansion accelerates at the rate a = dv/dt = Hdr/dt = H2r. Thus, assuming linearity of Hubble’s law, both speed v and acceleration a are linear functions of distance r. Currently, actual measurements of speed v and distance r reach out to about 3.3 bly. Beyond that distance, we do not know whether the linearity of Hubble’s law holds and whether the universe expands. Recently, some measurements suggest the universe decelerates (slowdown) and then accelerates (speedup).
A theory which proclaims to explain the universe must explain many observed phenomena including why the universe expands, decelerates (slowdown) and accelerates (speedup). The Big Bang theory, a leading theory, tells us the universe expands because space itself expands but is unable to explain why it expands as v=Hr confirming Hubble’s linear law and why it decelerates and accelerates. Moreover, space expansion is incompatible with observation and theory, including Big Bang theory, because galaxies riding space expansion eschew being converted (evolving) from radiation to actual mass.

More books from James Constant

Cover of the book The Gravitational Probe B Boondoggle by James Constant
Cover of the book How Federal Courts Defraud Patent Owners by James Constant
Cover of the book Fiat Money and Economic Globalization by James Constant
Cover of the book Petition for Certiorari Denied Without Opinion: Patent Case 98-1151 by James Constant
Cover of the book Finding Pythagorean Primes by James Constant
Cover of the book California Supreme Court Petition No S188598 by James Constant
Cover of the book Questions Presented Supreme Court Cases by James Constant
Cover of the book Le Verrier's and Einstein's Predictions for Precession of Perihelia by James Constant
Cover of the book Courts and Law by James Constant
Cover of the book The Judicial Trinity as Law of The Land by James Constant
Cover of the book Riemann's Geometry and Newton's Gravitation by James Constant
Cover of the book Newton's Gravitation and Cosmic Expansion (II Relativistic) by James Constant
Cover of the book California Supreme Court Petition: S173448 – Denied Without Opinion by James Constant
Cover of the book European Elites And Debt Crisis by James Constant
Cover of the book California Supreme Court Questions Presented by James Constant
We use our own "cookies" and third party cookies to improve services and to see statistical information. By using this website, you agree to our Privacy Policy