Arif Ahmed: 5 books

Ludwig Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations is a hugely important piece of philosophical writing, one frequently encountered by students of philosophy. Yet, there is no escaping the extent of the challenge posed by Wittgenstein's work, in which complex ideas are often enigmatically expressed....

A comprehensive guide to understanding and auditing modern information systems The increased dependence on information system resources for performing key activities within organizations has made system audits essential for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information...

A comprehensive guide to understanding and auditing modern information systems The increased dependence on information system resources for performing key activities within organizations has made system audits essential for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information...

Most philosophers agree that causal knowledge is essential to decision-making: agents should choose from the available options those that probably cause the outcomes that they want. This book argues against this theory and in favour of evidential or Bayesian decision theory, which emphasises the symptomatic...

National security, nutritional security, environmental security and energy security are inter-related and energy security at present has become a national issue. Exploitation of fossil fuel, a sector of energy resources, has been increasing day by day due to mechanized life and it has threatened not...